china

Which among the following countries has the largest recoverable resources of
Shale gas?
[A]China
[B]United States
[C]Argentina
[D]Mexico
China
China has greater incentives to develop its shale gas resources. According to the
U.S. Energy Department’s Energy Information Administration, the country’s
recoverable resources are larger than those of the United States at 36 trillion cubic
meters.

PetroChina agreed to buy Stake in Encana Natural Gas Project

PetroChina in the third week of December 2012 agreed to buy a 49.9 percent stake in Canadian firm Encana's natural gas project in Alberta for 2.2 billion dollars. The project contains supplies equivalent to nearly nine billion barrels of oil. It is considered the latest investment in an overseas oil and gas resource by a Chinese firm. PetroChina, is China’s biggest oil and gas producer.

Moreover, PetroChina announced it would buy BHP Billiton's stake in an Australian liquefied natural gas project. Significantly, another Chinese firm, CNOOC, got approval from Canadian government in December 2012 to take over oil firm Nexen.

The CNOOC-Nexen deal valued at15.1billion dollars, was China's largest overseas takeover. It shows the increasing Chinese influence on the Canadian oil and gas industry

China successfully performs landing on aircraft carrier ‘The Liaoning’

November 27th, 2012

China successfully conducted first landing of a fighter jet on its first aircraft carrier ‘the Liaoning’. China purchased the aircraft carrier fromUkraine.
The successful flight landing also marked the debut of J-15 as China’s first generation multi-purpose carrier-borne fighter jet.

About J-15:

• designed and made by China
• can carry multi-type anti-ship, air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles, as well as precision-guided bombs.

The current advancement comes as China and Japan are embroiled in a dispute over islands they both claim. The dispute over the East China Sea islands, called Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China,
has impacted bilateral relations. China is also confronted in a similar maritime territorial dispute with Vietnam and the Philippines in the resource-rich South China Sea

MAJOR ETHNIC PEOPLE ---HAN


falun gong is a spiritual movement in china against the chinese authorities

China irked by India-Japan-US meet

November 2nd, 2012

Strategic Analyst and media outlets of China have expressed chariness at the India, Japan and the U.S. trilateral meet held in New Delhi describing it as aimed at wielding pressure on China over its regional aspirations.

Why China is wary of this trilateral meet?

• Strategic Analyst and media in China are of the view that this meet has been held to exert strategic pressure on China.
• As per them, the US wants to suppress the economic rise of China and therefore it is looking for financial support from other countries.
• They see Japan’s role in this meet is to put strategic pressure regarding ongoing tensions over the disputed Diaoyu or Senkaku islands in the East China Sea.
• They view India as one who wants to gain from building further pressure so that China softens its stance over border issues with India. 

Xi Jinping: China’s new leader

Xi Jinping, elected as the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Xi Jinping is the paramount leader of the People’s Republic of China, who holds the positions of:

• Vice President of China
• General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
• Chairman of the Central Military Commission
• President of the Central Party School
• The first member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee, China’s de facto top power organ.

Who is a paramount leader in China ?

• Literally "the highest leader of the party and the state", refers to the political leader of China in modern Chinese political science.
• Xi Jinping.

Who is the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ?

• The leader of the Party and the highest ranking position.
• Xi Jinping.

Who is the President of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) ?

• The head of state – ceremonial figurehead since 1982
• Hu Jintao
• At present: 
• President of the PRC: Hu Jintao
• Vice President of the PRC: Xi Jinping

Who is a Chairman of the Central Military Commission ?

• Commander-in-chief of the armed forces
• Xi Jinping

Practically the absolute power is held more or less collectively by the members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China with the General Secretary acting as a first among equals figure
.

China cuts 2012 growth target to 8-yr low of 7.5%
China has set its GDP growth target at 7.5 percent for 2012, down from 8% in 2011.
This is the first time the Govt has lowered its growth target after keeping it around 8% for seven consecutive years. The government has set the main theme of this year’s economic and social development as “make progress while maintaining stability”. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao held that the GDP growth target has been as a move investors anticipated so that Beijing has some economic leeway to rebalance the economy and defuse price pressures in the run up to a leadership change later in 2012.





China to introduce new ‘talent visa’

China is planning to bring in a fresh visa regime titled "talent introduction" in an attempt to pull more skilled
professionals from abroad. A draft law in this respect has been submitted to the China’s top legislature.













“BALIKATAN”: US, Philippines hold joint military exercises in South China Sea
Named “Balikatan”, the annual Joint military exercises b/w the US and the Philippines are getting under way in the South China Sea, even as Manila remained locked in a stand-off with Beijing over a disputed shoal. The yearly exercise,will continued till April 27, 2012.
What is the strategic element behind this year’s exercise?
The exercise takes place every year but, this year they are different because the context within which they are taking place has changed. This year the Exercise Balikatan is taking place off Palawan, near parts of the South China Sea, which both Philippine and China claim. The games are happening at a time when tensions are already high between China and the Philippines over disputed territorial rights in the South China Sea.
So, Mutual Military Exercise by US and Philippines in the disputed region b/w Philippines and China!!! Thus, China’s eyebrows raised…
What is the issue?









‘Escaped China activist in US protection’
Blind Chinese activist Chen Guangcheng is under US protection in Beijing after a dauntless escape from 19 months under house arrest, in a drama that endangers to erupt new tensions b/w the two governments.
Who is Chen Guangcheng?
A civil rights activist in the People’s Republic of China. He drew International attention to human rights issues in rural areas.Chen lost his sight at an early age.
 September 2005 to March 2006: Placed under house arrest for organizing and publicizing a class-action lawsuit against the government of Linyi Prefecture, Shandong Province, for excessive enforcement of the One-child policy, officially euphemistically called "family planning policy". Chen exposed harsh illegal measures by local authorities when enforcing the one-child policy, where family planning officials from Linyi municipal authorities in Shandong forced thousands of people to undergo sterilization or to abort pregnancies.
During his trial, Chen’s lawyers were forbidden access to the court, leaving him without a proper defender.
Chen’s case received sustained international attention, with the U.S. State Department, the British Foreign Secretary, Human Rights Watch, and Amnesty International issuing appeals for his release; the latter group designated him a prisoner of conscience.
 2006: Named to the ‘Time 100’
 2007: Laureate of the Ramon Magsaysay Award
 September 8, 2010: Chen was released from prison after serving his full sentence, but remained under house arrest or "soft detention" at his home in Dongshigu Village.
 April 22, 2012: Chen escaped his house arrest and was reported to have fled to the U.S. Embassy in Beijing.







China conducts a massive military exercise near Indian border
Near Indian border, China conducted a massive military exercise in the high altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, during which it has for the first time tested the multi-role J-10 fighter jets. The People’s Liberation Army, PLA Air Force conducted ground attack training over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau






China offers $8 billion loan to South Sudan
China has offered $8 billion in loan to South Sudan to fund a broad range of infrastructure projects over the next 2 years. The funds would be used to build roads, bridges and telecom network. China wants to maintain good relations both with Sudan, its established friend and with the South Sudan which became independent in 2011.







China’s defence

China to increase defence spending by 11.2% in 2012. Thus China will for the first time take its annual military expenditure beyond $100 bn. The objective of this is to modernize its Army against the milieu of a vague regional environment.

 This proposed budget will be more than 3 times India’s defence expenditure of $36 billion in 2011-12 budget.
 As per Analysts the main focus of China’s military spending is directed towards deployments:
 In the South China Sea – where disputes have surfaced with many of China’s neighbours
Against the increasing U.S. activity in the Asia-Pacific
Towards Taiwan, which has historically been the PLA’s (People’s Liberation Army’s) focus but has started to retreat as a priority with the recent warming in Cross-Strait relations.









china--us


Wen Jiabao to get “Best Friend of American Worker” Award
A US maritime workers’ union the Boston-based International Longshoremen’s Association (ILA) named Chinese Premier Wen Jiabo as the “Best Friend of American Worker”. This award was conferred on Mr. Jiabaofor China’s “great contribution” to producing more job opportunities for Americans.The Chinese ambassador to the US Zhang Yesui received the award on Mr. Jiabao’s behalf




Typhoon Haikui hits East Coast of China
Typhoon Haikui hit the east coast of China. The other two typhoons which hit China were Damrey and Saola. A severe typhoon generally has continuous maximum wind speed of b/w 150 and 184 km/h (93 and 114 mph). Atyphoon has maximum sustained winds of b/w 118 and 149 km/h (73 and 93 mph).

China on 16 September 2012 signed 16 major agreements with Sri Lanka in Colombo on a range of issues, from visa exemption and marine development to economic and technology cooperation. China also promised to expand investment and increase imports from Sri Lanka. China and Sri Lanka agreed that holders of diplomatic and service passports of the other nation will be exempt from visa requirements. China-Sri Lanka bilateral trade volume reached 3.14 billion dollars in 2011. After the civil war, Sri Lanka needs to rebuild its infrastructure, which offers great opportunities for China, while China also seeks to increase overseas investment

CHINESE MISSLES

After the signing of Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance in 1950, the Soviet Union assisted China's military R&D with training, technical documentation, manufacturing equipment, and license-production of Soviet weapons. In the area of ballistic missiles, the Soviets transferred R-1 (SS-1), R-2 (SS-2), and R-11F to China.^[1] The first Chinese ballistic missiles were based on Russian design, which was originally based on the German V-2 rocket. Since then, China has made many advances in its ballistic missile and rocket technology. The space-launch Long March rocket has its roots in the Dong Feng missile.

[edit]Dongfeng missiles

[edit]Dongfeng 1 (SS-2)

First of the Dong Feng missiles, the DF-1 was a licensed copy of the Soviet R-2 (SS-2) Sibling missile.^[2] The DF-1 had a single RD-101 rocket engine, and used alcohol for fuel with liquid oxygen (LOX) as an oxidizer. The missile had max range of 550 km and 500 kg payload. Limited numbers of DF-1 were produced in the 1960s, and have since been retired.^[1]

[edit]Dongfeng 2 (CSS-1)

A Dongfeng 2 (CSS-1) at the Beijing military museum

The DF-2 is China's first medium-range ballistic missile, with 1,250 km range and 15-20 kt nuclear warhead. It received the western designation of CSS-1, CSS means China Surface-to-Surface (missile).^[3] Some western observers claim that the DF-2 is a copy of the Soviet R-5 (SS-3) SHYSTER, as they have similar range and payload.^[4] Others attribute the design to Chinese specialists Xie Guangxuan, Liang Sili, Liu Chuanru, Liu Yuanwei, Lin Shuangwei, and Ren Xinmin. The first DF-2 failed in its launch test in 1962, leading to the improved DF-2A. The DF-2A was used to carry out China's first nuclear ballistic missile test at Lop Nor in 1966, and was in operational service since late 1960s. All DF-2 were retired from active duty in the 1980s.^[5]

[edit]Dongfeng 3 (CSS-2)

Main article: DF-3A

The DF-3 is often considered China's first "domestic" intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM). After the Soviets refused to provide China with R-12 (SS-4) missile design, China decided to develop their own IRBM in early 1960s.^[6] The design has been attributed to both Tu Shou'e [屠守锷] and Sun Jiadong [孙 家栋], and the missile as produced at Factory 211 (Capital Astronautics Co. [首都航天机械公司], also known as Capital Machine Shop [首都机械厂]. The 2,500 km DF-3 was originally designed with 2,000 kg payload to carry an atomic (later thermonuclear) payload. A further improved DF-3A with 3,000 km range (~4,000 km with reduced payload) was developed in 1981, and exported to Saudi Arabia with conventional high-explosive warhead.^[7] Most DF-3/DF-3A's have been retired, with 30-40 remaining and scheduled to be replaced by DF-21.^[8]

[edit]Dongfeng 4 (CSS-3)

Main article: DF-4

The DF-4 "Chingyu" is China's first two-stage ballistic missile, with 5,550-7,000 km range and 2,200 kg payload (3 Mt nuclear warhead). It was developed in late 1960s to provide strike capability against Moscow and Guam. The DF-4 missile also served as basis for China's first space launch vehicle, Chang Zeng 1 (Long March 1). Approx. 20 DF-4's remain in service, and are scheduled to be replaced by DF-31 by 2010-2015.^[9][10]

[edit]Dongfeng 5 (CSS-4)

Main article: DF-5

The DF-5 is an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), designed to carry a 3 megaton (Mt) nuclear warhead to distance up to 12,000 km. The DF-5 is a silo-based, two-stage missile, and its rocket served as the basis for the space-launch vehicle Fengbao-Tempest (FB-1) used to launch satellites. The missile was developed in the 1960s, but did not enter service until 1981. An improved variant, the DF-5A, was produced in the mid 1990s with improved range (>13,000 km). Currently, an estimated 24-36 DF-5A's are in service as China's primary ICBM force.^[11][12]

[edit]Dongfeng 11 (CSS-7)

A DF-11 TEL.

Also known as the M-11 (export), the DF-11 is a road-mobile short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) designed by Wang Zhenhua at the Sanjiang Missile Corporation (also known as the 066 Base) in the late 1970s. The DF-11 has range of 300 km and 800 kg payload. An improved DF-11A version has increased range of >825 km.^[13] China is known to have exported DF-11s to Pakistan, which served as the basis for the Shaheen-1 and Shaheen-2 missiles. The range of the M-11 does not violate the limits set by the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Unlike previous Chinese ballistic missiles, the DF-11 use solid fuel, which greatly reduces launch preparation time (15-30 min). Liquid-fueled missiles such as the DF-5 require up to 2 hours of pre-launch preparation. Estimates on the number of DF-11s in service vary between 500 to 600.^[14][15]

[edit]Dongfeng 15 (CSS-6)

Main article: DF-15

Also known as the M-9 (export), the DF-15 was developed by the CASC China Academy of Rocket Motor Technology (ARMT), previously known as the 5th Aerospace Academy. The missile is a single-stage, solid-fuel SRBM with 600 km range and 500 kg payload. During the 1995-1996 Taiwan strait crisis, the PLA launched 6 DF-15's in an "exercise" to demonstrate the missile's capability. Although the DF-15 is marketed for export, its range would violate the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) agreement, and thus no DF-15 has been exported to date. Approx. 300-350 DF-15's are in service with the PLA Second Artillery Corps today.^[16][17]

[edit]Dongfeng 21 (CSS-5)

Main article: DF-21

The DF-21 is a two-stage, solid-fuel, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) developed by the 2nd Aerospace Academy (now China Changfeng Mechanics and Electronics Technology Academy) in late 1970s. It was the first solid-fueled ballistic missile deployed by the Second Artillery Corp. The missile carries a single 500 kt nuclear warhead, up to 2,500 km range. The DF-21 also served as the basis for the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) JL-1 (CSS-N-3),^[18] used on the XIA-Class SSBN. In 1996, an improved variant, the DF-21A, was introduced. Currently, an estimated 60-80 DF-21/DF-21A are in service.^[19][20]

[edit]Dongfeng 25

Main article: DF-25

The mobile-launch DF-25 was a two-stage solid-fuel missile with a range of 1,700 kilometers. Development was cancelled in 1996.

[edit]Dongfeng 31 (CSS-10)

Main article: DF-31

The DF-31 is China's newest road-mobile, solid-fuel ICBM developed by the 4th Aerospace Academy (now Academy of Rocket Motor Technology / ARMT). The DF-31 has range of 8,000+ km, and can carry a single 1,000 kt warhead, or up to three 20-150 kt MIRV warheads. An improved version, the DF-31A, has range of 11,000+ km. The DF-31 was developed to replace many of China's older ballistic missiles, and served as basis to the new JL-2 (CSS-NX-4/CSS-NX-5) SLBM. Approx. 30 DF-31/DF-31A are estimated to be in service.^[21][22]

[edit]Dongfeng 41 (CSS-X-10)

Main article: DF-41

Dongfeng 41

Western analysts speculate that China may be developing a next-generation ICBM, known as the DF-41, with 12,000-14,000 km range, armed with single, 3, 6, or even 10 MIRV warheads. DF-41 has yet to be displayed in public

The Dongfeng-41  is a Chinesenuclear solid-fueled road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile 







3000-year-old pillar has been inscribed on a UNbacked heritage list for astronomy. It is located in China




China successfully tests LOX/kerosene engine
China successfully tested its new 120-tonne-thrust Liquid OXygen (LOX) and kerosene engine for its new generation carrier rocket- the Long March-5.
The engine:
· High-performance
· High-pressure staged combustion cycle engine
· Non-toxic
· Pollution-free
· Highly reliable
Powerful than the 75-tonne-thrust engine used in the launch of Shenzhou spacecraft, the institute said.
China comes second after Russia, to use the core technologies for an LOX/kerosene high-pressure staged combustion cycle rocket engine. Long March-5 expected to make its maiden journey in 2014.







China inks economic pacts with North Korea which includes the Development of SEZs
China signed economic agreements with North Korea to enhance the bilateral economic co-operation.
The development of two special economic zones in North Korea is part of the agreement. Both countries also signed agreements on agricultural co-operation and electricity supply.






China initiates action against traders who tortured Indian Traders
 China has initiated criminal proceedings against five local suspects, responsible for the torture of two Indian businessmen, who has been brought to Indian Conciliate at Shanghai.