Nobel Prize Award

NOBLE PEACE PRIZE  BY----ARCHBISOP DESMOND TUTU, SHIMON PERES,YASSER ARAFAT




On 11 June 2012, the organisers of Nobel Prize have
announced a 20-per cent cut in the award because of the economic crisis. What is
the new amount of the 2012 Nobel Prizes? [A]8 million Swedish krono





BISHOP CARLOS FELIPE XIMENES BELOS AND JOS REMOS HORTA GOT NOBLE PEACE PRIZE FOR THE CAUSE OF EAST TIMOR IN 1996




NOBLE PRIZE FOR DECIPHERING THE LANGUAGE OF BEE WAS AWARDED TO K.V.FRISCH










 Nobel Prize Award

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.

Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.ITS GIVEN IN 6 FIELDS

Year	Physics	Chemistry	Physiology or Medicine	Literature	Peace	Economics
1901	Wilhelm Röntgen	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff	Emil Adolf von Behring	Sully Prudhomme	Henry Dunant; Frédéric Passy	—
1902	Hendrik Lorentz; Pieter Zeeman	Hermann Emil Fischer	Ronald Ross	Theodor Mommsen	Élie Ducommun; Charles Albert Gobat	—
1903	Henri Becquerel; Pierre Curie; Marie Curie	Svante Arrhenius	Niels Ryberg Finsen	Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson	Randal Cremer	—
1904	The Lord Rayleigh	William Ramsay	Ivan Pavlov	Frédéric Mistral; José Echegaray	Institut de Droit International	—
1905	Philipp Lenard	Adolf von Baeyer	Robert Koch	Henryk Sienkiewicz	Bertha von Suttner	—
1906	J. J. Thomson	Henri Moissan	Camillo Golgi; Santiago Ramón y Cajal	Giosuè Carducci	Theodore Roosevelt	—
1907	Albert Abraham Michelson	Eduard Buchner	Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran	Rudyard Kipling	Ernesto Teodoro Moneta; Louis Renault	—
1908	Gabriel Lippmann	Ernest Rutherford	Élie Metchnikoff; Paul Ehrlich	Rudolf Christoph Eucken	Klas Pontus Arnoldson; Fredrik Bajer	—
1909	Karl Ferdinand Braun; Guglielmo Marconi	Wilhelm Ostwald	Emil Theodor Kocher	Selma Lagerlöf	Auguste Marie François Beernaert; Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant	—
1910	Johannes Diderik van der Waals	Otto Wallach	Albrecht Kossel	Paul Heyse	International Peace Bureau	—
1911	Wilhelm Wien	Marie Curie	Allvar Gullstrand	Maurice Maeterlinck	Tobias Asser; Alfred Hermann Fried	—
1912	Gustaf Dalén	Victor Grignard; Paul Sabatier	Alexis Carrel	Gerhart Hauptmann	Elihu Root	—
1913	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes	Alfred Werner	Charles Richet	Rabindranath Tagore	Henri La Fontaine	—
1914	Max von Laue	Theodore William Richards	Robert Bárány	None	None	—
1915	William Henry Bragg; William Lawrence Bragg	Richard Willstätter	None	Romain Rolland	None	—
1916	None	None	None	Verner von Heidenstam	None	—
1917	Charles Glover Barkla	None	None	Karl Adolph Gjellerup; Henrik Pontoppidan	International Committee of the Red Cross	—
1918	Max Planck	Fritz Haber	None	None	None	—
1919	Johannes Stark	None	Jules Bordet	Carl Spitteler	Woodrow Wilson	—
1920	Charles Édouard Guillaume	Walther Nernst	August Krogh	Knut Hamsun	Léon Bourgeois	—
1921	Albert Einstein	Frederick Soddy	None	Anatole France	Hjalmar Branting; Christian Lous Lange	—
1922	Niels Bohr	Francis William Aston	Archibald Hill; Otto Fritz Meyerhof	Jacinto Benavente	Fridtjof Nansen	—
1923	Robert Andrews Millikan	Fritz Pregl	Frederick Banting; John James Rickard Macleod	W. B. Yeats	None	—
1924	Manne Siegbahn	None	Willem Einthoven	Władysław Reymont	None	—
1925	James Franck; Gustav Ludwig Hertz	Richard Adolf Zsigmondy	None	George Bernard Shaw	Austen Chamberlain; Charles G. Dawes	—
1926	Jean Baptiste Perrin	Theodor Svedberg	Johannes Fibiger	Grazia Deledda	Aristide Briand; Gustav Stresemann	—
1927	Arthur Compton; Charles Thomson Rees Wilson	Heinrich Otto Wieland	Julius Wagner-Jauregg	Henri Bergson	Ferdinand Buisson; Ludwig Quidde	—
1928	Owen Willans Richardson	Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus	Charles Nicolle	Sigrid Undset	None	—
1929	Louis de Broglie	Arthur Harden; Hans von Euler-Chelpin	Christiaan Eijkman; Frederick Gowland Hopkins	Thomas Mann	Frank B. Kellogg	—
1930	C. V. Raman	Hans Fischer	Karl Landsteiner	Sinclair Lewis	Nathan Söderblom	—
1931	None	Carl Bosch; Friedrich Bergius	Otto Heinrich Warburg	Erik Axel Karlfeldt	Jane Addams; Nicholas Murray Butler	—
1932	Werner Heisenberg	Irving Langmuir	Charles Scott Sherrington; Edgar Adrian	John Galsworthy	None	—
1933	Erwin Schrödinger; Paul Dirac	None	Thomas Hunt Morgan	Ivan Bunin	Norman Angell	—
1934	None	Harold Urey	George Whipple; George Minot; William P. Murphy	Luigi Pirandello	Arthur Henderson	—
1935	James Chadwick	Frédéric Joliot-Curie; Irène Joliot-Curie	Hans Spemann	None	Carl von Ossietzky	—
1936	Victor Francis Hess; Carl David Anderson	Peter Debye	Henry Hallett Dale; Otto Loewi	Eugene O'Neill	Carlos Saavedra Lamas	—
1937	Clinton Davisson; George Paget Thomson	Norman Haworth; Paul Karrer	Albert Szent-Györgyi	Roger Martin du Gard	The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood	—
1938	Enrico Fermi	Richard Kuhn[A]	Corneille Heymans	Pearl S. Buck	Nansen International Office For Refugees	—
1939	Ernest Lawrence	Adolf Butenandt;[A] Leopold Ružička	Gerhard Domagk[A]	Frans Eemil Sillanpää	None	—
1940	None	None	None	None	None	—
1941	None	None	None	None	None	—
1942	None	None	None	None	None	—
1943	Otto Stern	George de Hevesy	Henrik Dam; Edward Adelbert Doisy	None	None	—
1944	Isidor Isaac Rabi	Otto Hahn	Joseph Erlanger; Herbert Spencer Gasser	Johannes Vilhelm Jensen	International Committee of the Red Cross	—
1945	Wolfgang Pauli	Artturi Ilmari Virtanen	Alexander Fleming; Ernst Boris Chain; Howard Florey	Gabriela Mistral	Cordell Hull	—
1946	Percy Williams Bridgman	James B. Sumner; John Howard Northrop; Wendell Meredith Stanley	Hermann Joseph Muller	Hermann Hesse	Emily Greene Balch; John Mott	—
1947	Edward Victor Appleton	Robert Robinson	Carl Ferdinand Cori; Gerty Cori; Bernardo Houssay	André Gide	Friends Service Council; American Friends Service Committee	—
1948	Patrick Blackett	Arne Tiselius	Paul Hermann Müller	T. S. Eliot	None[B]	—
1949	Hideki Yukawa	William Giauque	Walter Rudolf Hess; António Egas Moniz	William Faulkner	John Boyd Orr	—
1950	C. F. Powell	Otto Diels; Kurt Alder	Philip Showalter Hench; Edward Calvin Kendall; Tadeus Reichstein	The Earl Russell	Ralph Bunche	—
1951	John Cockcroft; Ernest Walton	Edwin McMillan; Glenn T. Seaborg	Max Theiler	Pär Lagerkvist	Léon Jouhaux	—
1952	Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell	Archer John Porter Martin; Richard Laurence Millington Synge	Selman Waksman	François Mauriac	Albert Schweitzer	—
1953	Frits Zernike	Hermann Staudinger	Hans Adolf Krebs; Fritz Albert Lipmann	Winston Churchill	George Marshall	—
1954	Max Born; Walther Bothe	Linus Pauling	John Franklin Enders; Frederick Chapman Robbins; Thomas Huckle Weller	Ernest Hemingway	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	—
1955	Willis Lamb; Polykarp Kusch	Vincent du Vigneaud	Hugo Theorell	Halldór Laxness	None	—
1956	John Bardeen; Walter Houser Brattain; William Shockley	Cyril Norman Hinshelwood; Nikolay Semyonov	André Frédéric Cournand; Werner Forssmann; Dickinson W. Richards	Juan Ramón Jiménez	None	—
1957	Chen Ning Yang; Tsung-Dao Lee	The Lord Todd	Daniel Bovet	Albert Camus	Lester B. Pearson	—
1958	Pavel Cherenkov; Ilya Frank; Igor Tamm	Frederick Sanger	George Wells Beadle; Edward Lawrie Tatum; Joshua Lederberg	Boris Pasternak[C]	Dominique Pire	—
1959	Emilio G. Segrè; Owen Chamberlain	Jaroslav Heyrovský	Arthur Kornberg; Severo Ochoa	Salvatore Quasimodo	Philip Noel-Baker	—
1960	Donald A. Glaser	Willard Libby	Frank Macfarlane Burnet; Peter Medawar	Saint-John Perse	Albert Lutuli	—
1961	Robert Hofstadter; Rudolf Mössbauer	Melvin Calvin	Georg von Békésy	Ivo Andrić	Dag Hammarskjöld	—
1962	Lev Landau	Max Perutz; John Kendrew	Francis Crick; James D. Watson; Maurice Wilkins	John Steinbeck	Linus Pauling	—
1963	Eugene Wigner; Maria Goeppert-Mayer; J. Hans D. Jensen	Karl Ziegler; Giulio Natta	John Eccles; Alan Lloyd Hodgkin; Andrew Huxley	Giorgos Seferis	International Committee of the Red Cross; League of Red Cross societies	—
1964	Charles Hard Townes; Nikolay Basov; Alexander Prokhorov	Dorothy Hodgkin	Konrad Emil Bloch; Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen	Jean-Paul Sartre[D]	Martin Luther King, Jr.	—
1965	Sin-Itiro Tomonaga; Julian Schwinger; Richard Feynman	Robert Burns Woodward	François Jacob; André Michel Lwoff; Jacques Monod	Mikhail Sholokhov	United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)	—
1966	Alfred Kastler	Robert S. Mulliken	Francis Peyton Rous; Charles Brenton Huggins	Shmuel Yosef Agnon; Nelly Sachs	None	—
1967	Hans Bethe	Manfred Eigen; Ronald George Wreyford Norrish; George Porter	Ragnar Granit; Haldan Keffer Hartline; George Wald	Miguel Ángel Asturias	None	—
1968	Luis Walter Alvarez	Lars Onsager	Robert W. Holley; Har Gobind Khorana; Marshall Warren Nirenberg	Yasunari Kawabata	René Cassin	—
1969	Murray Gell-Mann	Derek Barton; Odd Hassel	Max Delbrück; Alfred Hershey; Salvador Luria	Samuel Beckett	International Labour Organization	Ragnar Frisch; Jan Tinbergen
1970	Hannes Alfvén; Louis Néel	Luis Federico Leloir	Julius Axelrod; Ulf von Euler; Bernard Katz	Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn	Norman Borlaug	Paul Samuelson
1971	Dennis Gabor	Gerhard Herzberg	Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.	Pablo Neruda	Willy Brandt	Simon Kuznets
1972	John Bardeen; Leon Cooper; John Robert Schrieffer	Christian B. Anfinsen; Stanford Moore; William Howard Stein	Gerald Edelman; Rodney Robert Porter	Heinrich Böll	None	John Hicks; Kenneth Arrow
1973	Leo Esaki; Ivar Giaever; Brian David Josephson	Ernst Otto Fischer; Geoffrey Wilkinson	Karl von Frisch; Konrad Lorenz; Nikolaas Tinbergen	Patrick White	Henry Kissinger; Le Duc Tho[E]	Wassily Leontief
1974	Martin Ryle; Antony Hewish	Paul Flory	Albert Claude; Christian de Duve; George Emil Palade	Eyvind Johnson; Harry Martinson	Seán MacBride; Eisaku Satō	Gunnar Myrdal; Friedrich Hayek
1975	Aage Bohr; Ben Roy Mottelson; James Rainwater	John Cornforth; Vladimir Prelog	David Baltimore; Renato Dulbecco; Howard Martin Temin	Eugenio Montale	Andrei Sakharov	Leonid Kantorovich; Tjalling Koopmans
1976	Burton Richter; Samuel C. C. Ting	William Lipscomb	Baruch Samuel Blumberg; Daniel Carleton Gajdusek	Saul Bellow	Betty Williams; Mairead Maguire	Milton Friedman
1977	Philip Warren Anderson; Nevill Francis Mott; John Hasbrouck Van Vleck	Ilya Prigogine	Roger Guillemin; Andrew Schally; Rosalyn Sussman Yalow	Vicente Aleixandre	Amnesty International	Bertil Ohlin; James Meade
1978	Pyotr Kapitsa; Arno Allan Penzias; Robert Woodrow Wilson	Peter D. Mitchell	Werner Arber; Daniel Nathans; Hamilton O. Smith	Isaac Bashevis Singer	Anwar Sadat; Menachem Begin	Herbert A. Simon
1979	Sheldon Lee Glashow; Abdus Salam; Steven Weinberg	Herbert C. Brown; Georg Wittig	Allan McLeod Cormack; Godfrey Hounsfield	Odysseas Elytis	Mother Teresa	Theodore Schultz; Arthur Lewis
1980	James Cronin; Val Logsdon Fitch	Paul Berg; Walter Gilbert; Frederick Sanger	Baruj Benacerraf; Jean Dausset; George Davis Snell	Czesław Miłosz	Adolfo Pérez Esquivel	Lawrence Klein
1981	Nicolaas Bloembergen; Arthur Leonard Schawlow; Kai Siegbahn	Kenichi Fukui; Roald Hoffmann	Roger Wolcott Sperry; David H. Hubel; Torsten Wiesel	Elias Canetti	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	James Tobin
1982	Kenneth G. Wilson	Aaron Klug	Sune Bergström; Bengt I. Samuelsson; John Vane	Gabriel García Márquez	Alva Myrdal; Alfonso García Robles	George Stigler
1983	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar; William Alfred Fowler	Henry Taube	Barbara McClintock	William Golding	Lech Wałęsa	Gérard Debreu
1984	Carlo Rubbia; Simon van der Meer	Robert Bruce Merrifield	Niels Kaj Jerne; Georges J. F. Köhler; César Milstein	Jaroslav Seifert	Desmond Tutu	Richard Stone
1985	Klaus von Klitzing	Herbert A. Hauptman; Jerome Karle	Michael Stuart Brown; Joseph L. Goldstein	Claude Simon	International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War	Franco Modigliani
1986	Ernst Ruska; Gerd Binnig; Heinrich Rohrer	Dudley R. Herschbach; Yuan T. Lee; John Polanyi	Stanley Cohen; Rita Levi-Montalcini	Wole Soyinka	Elie Wiesel	James M. Buchanan
1987	Johannes Georg Bednorz; Karl Alexander Müller	Donald J. Cram; Jean-Marie Lehn; Charles J. Pedersen	Susumu Tonegawa	Joseph Brodsky	Óscar Arias	Robert Solow
1988	Leon M. Lederman; Melvin Schwartz; Jack Steinberger	Johann Deisenhofer; Robert Huber; Hartmut Michel	James W. Black; Gertrude B. Elion; George H. Hitchings	Naguib Mahfouz	United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces	Maurice Allais
1989	Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.; Hans Georg Dehmelt; Wolfgang Paul	Sidney Altman; Thomas Cech	J. Michael Bishop; Harold E. Varmus	Camilo José Cela	Tenzin Gyatso (The Dalai Lama)	Trygve Haavelmo
1990	Jerome Isaac Friedman; Henry Way Kendall; Richard E. Taylor	Elias James Corey	Joseph Murray; E. Donnall Thomas	Octavio Paz	Mikhail Gorbachev	Harry Markowitz; Merton Miller; William Forsyth Sharpe
1991	Pierre-Gilles de Gennes	Richard R. Ernst	Erwin Neher; Bert Sakmann	Nadine Gordimer	Aung San Suu Kyi	Ronald Coase
1992	Georges Charpak	Rudolph A. Marcus	Edmond H. Fischer; Edwin G. Krebs	Derek Walcott	Rigoberta Menchú	Gary Becker
1993	Russell Alan Hulse; Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.	Kary Mullis; Michael Smith	Richard J. Roberts; Phillip Allen Sharp	Toni Morrison	Nelson Mandela; F. W. de Klerk	Robert Fogel; Douglass North
1994	Bertram Brockhouse; Clifford Shull	George Andrew Olah	Alfred G. Gilman; Martin Rodbell	Kenzaburō Ōe	Yasser Arafat; Shimon Peres; Yitzhak Rabin	John Harsanyi; John Forbes Nash, Jr.; Reinhard Selten
1995	Martin Lewis Perl; Frederick Reines	Paul J. Crutzen; Mario J. Molina; Frank Sherwood Rowland	Edward B. Lewis; Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard; Eric F. Wieschaus	Seamus Heaney	Joseph Rotblat; Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs	Robert Lucas, Jr.
1996	David Lee; Douglas Osheroff; Robert Coleman Richardson	Robert F. Curl Jr.; Harry Kroto; Richard Smalley	Peter C. Doherty; Rolf M. Zinkernagel	Wisława Szymborska	Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo; José Ramos-Horta	James Mirrlees; William Vickrey
1997	Steven Chu; Claude Cohen-Tannoudji; William Daniel Phillips	Paul D. Boyer; John E. Walker; Jens Christian Skou	Stanley B. Prusiner	Dario Fo	International Campaign to Ban Landmines; Jody Williams	Robert C. Merton; Myron Scholes
1998	Robert B. Laughlin; Horst Ludwig Störmer; Daniel C. Tsui	Walter Kohn; John Pople	Robert F. Furchgott; Louis Ignarro; Ferid Murad	José Saramago	John Hume; David Trimble	Amartya Sen
1999	Gerard 't Hooft; Martinus J. G. Veltman	Ahmed Zewail	Günter Blobel	Günter Grass	Médecins Sans Frontières	Robert Mundell
2000	Zhores Alferov; Herbert Kroemer; Jack Kilby	Alan J. Heeger; Alan MacDiarmid; Hideki Shirakawa	Arvid Carlsson; Paul Greengard; Eric Kandel	Gao Xingjian	Kim Dae-jung	James Heckman; Daniel McFadden
2001	Eric Allin Cornell; Wolfgang Ketterle; Carl Wieman	William Standish Knowles; Ryōji Noyori; Karl Barry Sharpless	Leland H. Hartwell; Tim Hunt; Paul Nurse	V. S. Naipaul	United Nations; Kofi Annan	George Akerlof; Michael Spence; Joseph Stiglitz
2002	Raymond Davis, Jr.; Masatoshi Koshiba; Riccardo Giacconi	John Fenn; Koichi Tanaka; Kurt Wüthrich	Sydney Brenner; H. Robert Horvitz; John Sulston	Imre Kertész	Jimmy Carter	Daniel Kahneman; Vernon L. Smith
2003	Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov; Vitaly Ginzburg; Anthony James Leggett	Peter Agre; Roderick MacKinnon	Paul Lauterbur; Peter Mansfield	J. M. Coetzee	Shirin Ebadi	Robert F. Engle; Clive Granger
2004	David Gross; Hugh David Politzer; Frank Wilczek	Aaron Ciechanover; Avram Hershko; Irwin Rose	Richard Axel; Linda B. Buck	Elfriede Jelinek	Wangari Maathai	Finn E. Kydland; Edward C. Prescott
2005	Roy J. Glauber; John L. Hall; Theodor W. Hänsch	Yves Chauvin; Robert H. Grubbs; Richard R. Schrock	Barry Marshall; Robin Warren	Harold Pinter	International Atomic Energy Agency; Mohamed ElBaradei	Robert Aumann; Thomas Schelling
2006	John C. Mather; George Smoot	Roger D. Kornberg	Andrew Fire; Craig Mello	Orhan Pamuk	Muhammad Yunus; Grameen Bank	Edmund Phelps
2007	Albert Fert; Peter Grünberg	Gerhard Ertl	Mario Capecchi; Martin Evans; Oliver Smithies	Doris Lessing	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Al Gore	Leonid Hurwicz; Eric Maskin; Roger Myerson
2008	Yoichiro Nambu; Makoto Kobayashi; Toshihide Maskawa	Osamu Shimomura; Martin Chalfie; Roger Y. Tsien	Harald zur Hausen; Françoise Barré-Sinoussi; Luc Montagnier	J. M. G. Le Clézio	Martti Ahtisaari	Paul Krugman
2009	Charles K. Kao; Willard S. Boyle; George E. Smith	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan; Thomas A. Steitz; Ada Yonath	Elizabeth Blackburn; Carol W. Greider; Jack W. Szostak	Herta Müller	Barack Obama	Elinor Ostrom; Oliver E. Williamson
2010	Andre Geim; Konstantin Novoselov	Richard Heck; Ei-ichi Negishi; Akira Suzuki	Robert G. Edwards	Mario Vargas Llosa	Liu Xiaobo[F]	Peter A. Diamond; Dale T. Mortensen; Christopher A. Pissarides
2011	Saul Perlmutter; Adam G. Riess; Brian Schmidt	Dan Shechtman	Bruce Beutler; Jules A. Hoffmann; Ralph M. Steinman	Tomas Tranströmer	Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; Leymah Gbowee; Tawakel Karman	Thomas J. Sargent; Christopher A. Sims

Elinor Ostrom only woman to win a Nobel

Prize for Economics

The youngest Nobel Laureate

To date, the youngest Nobel Laureate is Lawrence Bragg, who was just 25 years old when he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his father in 1915.

The oldest Nobel Laureate

The oldest Laureate to date is Leonid Hurwicz, who was 90 years old when he was awarded the 2007 Prize in Economic Sciences

Two Nobel Laureates have declined the Nobel Prize

Jean-Paul Sartre, awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he had consistently declined all official honours.

Le Duc Tho, awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. They were awarded the Prize for negotiating the Vietnam peace accord. Le Doc Tho said that he was not in a position to accept the Nobel Peace Prize, citing the situation in Vietnam as his reason.

Four Nobel Laureates have been forced by authorities to decline the Nobel Prize

Adolf Hitler forbade three German Nobel Laureates, Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and Gerhard Domagk, from accepting the Nobel Prize. All of them could later receive the Nobel Prize Diploma and Medal, but not the prize amount.

Boris Pasternak, the 1958 Nobel Laureate in Literature, initially accepted the Nobel Prize but was later coerced by the authorities of the Soviet Union, his native country, to decline the Nobel Prize.

Multiple Nobel Laureates

The work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has been honoured by a Nobel Peace Prize three times. Besides, the founder of the ICRC, Henry Dunant, was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.

Linus Pauling is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes - the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.


J. Bardeen
Physics 1956
Physics 1972

M. Curie
Physics 1903
Chemistry 1911

L. Pauling
Chemistry 1954
Peace 1962


F. Sanger
Chemistry 1958
Chemistry 1980

ICRC - International Committee of the Red Cross
Peace 1917
Peace 1944
Peace 1963

UNHCR - The UN's refugee agency
Peace 1954
Peace 1981

Family Nobel Laureates

As you may notice, the Curies were a very successful 'Nobel Prize family'. Marie Curie herself was awarded two Nobel Prizes.

Married Couples

Marie Curie
Pierre Curie

Irène Joliot-Curie
Frédéric Joliot

Gerty Cori
Carl Cori

Alva Myrdal
Gunnar Myrdal

Mother & Daughter

Marie Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie

Father & Daughter

Pierre Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie

Father & Son

William Bragg
Lawrence Bragg

Niels Bohr
Aage N. Bohr

Hans von Euler-Chelpin
Ulf von Euler

Arthur Kornberg
Roger D. Kornberg

Manne Siegbahn
Kai M. Siegbahn

J. J. Thomson
George Paget Thomson

Brothers

Jan Tinbergen
Nikolaas Tinbergen

John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, the British and Japanese researchers respectively on 8 October 2012 won the Nobel Prize-2012 in Medicine. They were awarded with the prize for the discovery of reprogramming the specialised and matured cells of the body into blank slate and this may one day this can start repairing the damaged organs.(for stem cell research)




2012 Physics Nobel for Haroche and Wineland
2012-10-11 19:10:00 Puneet
Serge Haroche of France and David Wineland of
America together won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics for
inventing methods to observe the bizarre properties of the
quantum particles without disturbing them. This thing was
previously thought unattainable.
What is their invention?
Their inventions are the methods by which quantum particles like atom,
electron or photon can be observed while preserving their quantum properties.
Earlier, the problem was that these particles after they are separated from
surrounding lose their specific properties due to interaction with the
environment. But using the novel methods it will now be feasible to separate
and observe these particles without destroying their characteristics.
What can be its possible implementation?
The ground-breaking research has already enabled scientists in construction
of ultra precise clocks. Its major application can be in the development of new
superfast computers based on quantum physics.
2012 Chemistry Nobel for Lefkowitz, Kobilka
2012-10-11 19:10:38 Puneet
US scientists Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka win
the 2012 Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of an
important family of protein receptors, called G-proteincoupled
receptors.
What are G-protein-coupled receptors?
It is an important family of receptors found in human body cells which allow
the cell to sense and respond to outside chemical signals like adrenaline. The
human body has about 1,000 kinds of such receptors, some receptors are in
the nose, tongue and eyes, and help in sensing smells, tastes and vision.
What could be the possible application of the study?
The study will be helpful in enhancing the understanding of modern
pharmacology as well as how cells in different parts of living organisms can
react differently to external stimulation, such as light and smell, or the internal
systems which control our bodies such as hormones. The study could be
particularly helpful in the development of new and better pharmaceuticals as
about half of all medications achieve their effect through G-protein-coupled
recept





2012 Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of
protein receptors?

Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka





Mo Yan, the Chinese writer won 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature on 11 October 2012. The Swedish Academy of Stockholm praised the Chinese writer for the writer called his hallucinatory realism. The writer combines the folk stories, modern events and the history in his works. He is the first Chinese writer in the 111 years of Nobel history to become a Nobel Prize winner. Before him, Gao Xingjiana a French citizen born in China won a Nobel in literature in 2000.

The Swedish Academy compared him with two writers of twentieth century namely William Faulkner from America and Gabriel Garcia Marquez from Colombia. Mo Yan will receive the prize medal and the prize amount of more than 1 million $ on 10 December 2012, the death anniversary of the prize founder, Alfred Nobel. 


Mo Yan means Don’t Speak.  The original name of Mo is Guan Moye. The writer changed his name to be Mo Yan, to remind himself of talking less to avoid the trouble that follows. Nobel Prize for Peace 2012 would be declared on 12 October 2012.






NOBLE PRIZE FOR THE WORK ON THE GENES THAT CONTROL SENSE OF SMELL------RICHARD AXEL AND LINDA BUCK






the 2012 Nobel Economics Prize?

Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley
They have won the prize for research on how to match different agents as well as
possible. Their work can be used to help match donors of human organs with
patients in need of a transplant, or students with universities, or Internet search
engines that auction out space for advertisers. The pair worked independently of
each other but the success of their research is due to the combination of Shapley's
theoretical results with Roth's insights into their practical value.

Who among the following is the only woman to win a Nobel
Prize for Economics---------Elinor Ostrom