Bharat Ratna

Bharat Ratna 

Bharat Ratna (Gem of India ) is the Republic of India's highestcivilian award, for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour.Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for the award. However the recommendations forBharat Ratna are to made by the Prime Minister of India himself to the President of India.The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank 7th in the Indian order of precedence; however, unlike knights they do not carry any special title nor any other honorifics.

 

List of recipients

	Name	Awarded	Notes
1.	Chakravarti Rajagopalachari	1954	Independence activist, last Governor-General
2.	C. V. Raman	1954	Physicist
3.	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	1954	Philosopher, second President
4.	Bhagwan Das	1955	Independence activist, author
5.	Visvesvaraya	1955	Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
6.	Jawaharlal Nehru	1955	Independence activist, author, first Prime Minister
7.	Govind Ballabh Pant	1957	Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
8.	Dhondo Keshav Karve	1958	Educator, social reformer
9.	Bidhan Chandra Roy	1961	Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
10.	Purushottam Das Tandon	1961	Independence activist, educator
11.	Rajendra Prasad	1962	Independence activist, jurist, first President
12.	Zakir Hussain	1963	Scholar, third President
13.	Pandurang Vaman Kane	1963	Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
14.	Lal Bahadur Shastri	1966	Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime Minister
15.	Indira Gandhi	1971	Third Prime Minister
16.	V. V. Giri	1975	Trade unionist and fourth President
17.	K. Kamaraj	1976	Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State
18.	Mother Teresa	1980	Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
19.	Vinoba Bhave	1983	Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
20.	Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan	1987	First non-citizen, independence activist
21.	M. G. Ramachandran	1988	Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
22.	B. R. Ambedkar	1990	Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
23.	Nelson Mandela	1990	Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
24.	Rajiv Gandhi	1991	Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister
25.	Vallabhbhai Patel	1991	Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister
26.	Morarji Desai	1991	Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister
27.	Abul Kalam Azad	1992	Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education
28.	J. R. D. Tata	1992	Industrialist and philanthropist
29.	Satyajit Ray	1992	Bengali filmmaker
30.	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam	1997	Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
31.	Gulzarilal Nanda	1997	Independence activist, interim Prime Minister
32.	Aruna Asaf Ali	1997	Posthumous, independence activist
33.	M. S. Subbulakshmi	1998	Carnatic classical singer
34.	Chidambaram Subramaniam	1998	Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture
35.	Jayaprakash Narayan	1999	Posthumous, independence activist and politician
36.	Ravi Shankar	1999	Sitar player
37.	Amartya Sen	1999	Economist
38.	Gopinath Bordoloi	1999	Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
39.	Lata Mangeshkar	2001	Playback singer
40.	Bismillah Khan	2001	Hindustani classical shehnai player
41.	Bhimsen Joshi	2008	Hindustani classical singer

 

Living recipients

Indian recipients---- A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997),Ravi Shankar (1999),Amartya Sen (1999),Lata Mangeshkar (2001)   Foreign recipients---Nelson Mandela (1990)

 

Controversies

Award to Subhas Chandra Bose

Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1992. The award was later withdrawn due to a legal technicality. This is the only case of an award being withdrawn. It was withdrawn in response to a Supreme Court of India directive following a Public Interest Litigation filed in the Court against the posthumous nature of the award. The Award Committee could not give conclusive evidence of Bose’s death and thus it invalidated the posthumous award.

Award to Abul Kalam Azad

When the award was offered to freedom fighter and India's first Minister of Education, Abul Kalam Azad, he promptly declined it saying that it should not be given to those who have been on the selection committee. Later he was awarded posthumously in 1992.

First woman to get the award ---- Indira Gandhi

Total no. of woman who got r---5

FIRST PERSON WHO GOT AFTER HIS DEATH HIS--- LAL BAHADUR

SECOND HIS KAMARAJ

FIRST FORIEGNER KHAN ABDUL AND SECOND IS MANDELA

Presidents -5; P.M---6; C.M—3---(M.G.R,KAMARAJ,)

TAMIL NADU –8