Fathers
Father Of Economics -:- Adam Smith(1723-1790), England
Father Of Greek Tragedy -:- Aeschylus
The Father Of Computer Science -:- Alan Turing
The Father Of Penicillin -:- Alexander Fleming
Father Of The Telephone -:- Alexander Graham Bell.
The Father Of Anatomy -:- Andreas Vesalius
Father Of The (Soviet) Hydrogen Bomb: -:- Andrei D. Sakharov
Father Of Mathematics -:- Archimedes
Father Of Comedy -:- Aristophanes(445-385 B.C.) Greece
Father Of Indian Unrest -:- Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Lokmanya;
Father Of Computers -:- Charles Babbage
Father Of Rock N' Roll -:- Chuck Berry
Father Of Indian Politics And Economics -:- Dadabhai Naoroji
Father Of Indian Cinema -:- Dadasaheb Phalke:
Father Of Detective Story -:- Edgar Allen Poe
Father Of Immunology -:- Edward Jenner
Father Of The Hydrogen Bomb -:- Edward Teller
Father Of Nuclear Physics -:- Ernest Rutherford
Father Of Geometry -:- Euclid (300 B.C.) Greece
Father Of English Poetry -:- Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400) England
Father Of Railways -:- George Stephenson
Father Of The United States Of America -:- George Washington
Father Of The Novel -:- Giovanni Baccaccio
Father Of Genetics -:- Gregor Mendel
Father Of Modern Drama -:- Henrik J. Ibsen
Father Of History -:- Herodotus (484-424 B.C.) Greece
Father Of Medicine -:- Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.) Greece
Father Of Indian Nuclear Science -:- Homi J. Bhabha:
Father Of Modern Astronomy, Of Modern Science And Of Modern Mathematics -:- Isaac Newton
Father Of The Atomic Bomb -:- J. Robert Oppenheimer
Father Of Civil Aviation In India -:- J.R.D. Tata:
Father Of Indian Industry -:- Jamshedji Tata:
Father Of Sunday Newspapers -:- John Bel
Father Of States' Rights; Onslow -:- John C. Calhoun
Father Of Basketball -:- John Naismith
Father Of Soda Pop; Father Of Modern Chemistry -:- Joseph Priestley:
Father Of The Nation Of Afghanistan -:- King Mohammed Zahir Shah
Father Of Bacteriology, Of Stereochemistry And Of Microbiology -:- Louis Pasteur
Father Of The Nation Of India And Of Non-Violence -:- Mahatma Gandhi
Father Of Modern Painting In India -:- Nandlal Base:
Father Of Numbers -:- Pythagoras
Father Of Indian Renaissance -:- Raja Rammohan Roy:
Father Of Chemistry -:- Robert Boyle (1627-1691) Ireland
Father Of The Zip Code -:- Robert Moon
Father Of Indian Cardiology -:- Rustom Jal Vakil
Father Of Library Science In India -:- S. R. Ranganathan
Father Of American Revolution -:- Sam Adams
Father Of Texas -:- Sam Houston
Father Of Aviation -:- Sir George Cayley
Father Of The Revolution And The Nation Of The Republic Of China -:- Sun Yat-Sen
Father Of Modern Plastic Surgery -:- Susruta:
Father Of Modern Tourism -:- Thomas Cook:
Father Of English Printing -:- William Caxton
Fathers Of Aviation -:- Wright Brothers
Father Of E-Mail -:- Ray Tomlinson
Natural sciences
[edit]Biology
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
For their studies and scientific findings on bacteria and algae.
First to produce precise, correct descriptions of bacteria. |
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Wallace shows the impact of human activity on the natural world.
|
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(Fabricius): Described and published information on over 10,000
insects, and refined Linnaeus's system of classification.
|
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Publication: On the Origin of
Species
|
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Gregor Mendel[12]
William Bateson (founder)[13] |
For his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants, which forms the basis for Mendelian
inheritance.
Proponent of Mendelism. |
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The first to microscopically observe micro-organisms in water
and the first to see bacteria
|
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Founded the Molecular Biophysics Unit (1970)
|
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Publication: On the Origin of
Species
|
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Santiago Ramón y
Cajal[22]
(founder) |
For his formation of neuron doctrine
|
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First to produce precise, correct descriptions of protozoa.
|
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Carolus Linnaeus
[24](founder) |
Naming of living organisms that became universally accepted in
the scientific world
|
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Martinus Beijerinck[26]
(founder) |
His studies of agricultural microbiology and industrial
microbiologyyielded fundamental discoveries in the field of biology
|
[edit]Chemistry
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Atomic theory (early)
|
Founder of atomism in
cosmology
|
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Atomic theory (modern)
|
First coherent description of atomic theory, well over a century
before modern atomic theory emerged
First scientific description of the atom as a building block for more complex structures |
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Chemical
thermodynamics (modern)
|
Gilbert Lewis, Willard Gibbs, Merle Randall, andEdward Guggenheim (founders)[30]
|
Books: Thermodynamics
and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances(1923) and Modern Thermodynamics by the
Methods of Willard Gibbs(1933); because of the major contributions of
these two books in unifying the applications of thermodynamics to chemistry
|
Chemistry (early)
|
Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber)[31][32][33][34]
|
Introduced the experimental method in alchemy (d.
815)
|
Chemistry (modern)
|
Book: Elements
of Chemistry (1787)
Book: The Sceptical Chymist (1661) Development of chemical nomenclature (1800s) Revival of atomic theory (1803) |
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Book: Applied
Radiochemistry (1936)
First person to split an atomic nucleus (1938) Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovery of nuclear fission (1944) |
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Arranged sixty-six elements (known at the time) in order of atomic weight by periodic intervals (1869)
|
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Devised much of the theoretical foundation for physical chemistry through their publications off, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances(1876),
and Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgange(1882)
|
[edit]Earth sciences
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Geology (modern)
|
For setting down most of the principles of modern geology.
For formulating uniformitarianism and the Plutonic theory of thought. |
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Limnology (modern)
|
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Mathematical geography
|
Eratosthenes (founder)[47]
|
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Naval oceanography (modern)
|
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[edit]Medicine and physiology
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Safar: Pioneered CPR, intensive-care units,
developed standards for EMT,
ambulance design and equipment.
|
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Human anatomy (modern)
|
Book: De humani
corporis fabrica (1543)
|
|
Created Mendelian
Inheritance in Man
|
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Medicine (early)
|
Wrote the first medical treatise, the Edwin Smith papyrus.
Wrote the Charaka Samhitā and founded the Ayurveda system of medicine. |
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Medicine (modern)
|
Prescribed practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath, establishing the
profession.
|
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Modern nutrition
|
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Modern psychology
|
Founded the first laboratory for
psychological research.
|
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Nursing (modern)
|
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Performed the first human liver transplant and established the
clinical utility of anti-rejection drugs including ciclosporin. Developed major advances in
organ preservation, procurement, and transplantation.
|
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Muhammad ibn
Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes)[74]
|
Wrote The
Diseases of Children, the first book to deal with pediatrics as an
independent field
|
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Publication: An
Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865)
|
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Wrote the Sushruta Samhita
|
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Founded the discipline of psychophysics in his Elements of Psychophysics(1860)
|
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Surgery (early)
|
Wrote the Sushruta Samhita, the first surgical
treatise
|
|
Surgery (modern)
See also: Father of modern surgery |
Publication: Kitab al-Tasrif (1000).
Publication: Chirurgia magna. Leader in surgical techniques, especially the treatment of wounds. Experimental, scientific approach to surgery. Use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic. Introduction of residency system to the U.S. |
[edit]Physics and astronomy
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
For important research in vibrating plates
|
||
Zhukovsky was the first to undertake the study of airflow, was
the first engineer scientist to explain mathematically the origin of
aerodynamic lift. Cayley Investigated theoretical
aspects of flight and experimented with flight a century before the first
airplane was built
|
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Isaac Newton (founder)[92]
|
Described laws of motion and law
of gravity in Philosophiae
Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
|
|
Book: De Magnete (1600)
Discovered electromagnetic induction (1831) Proposed a kite experiment to prove that lightning is electricity (1750) Invented many electrical devices, such as the carbon microphone Invented alternating current and many other electrical devices |
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Book: Memoir on
the Mathematical Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena, Uniquely Deduced from
Experience (1827)
|
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Publication: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (1876)
|
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Experimental physics (founder)
|
For introducing experimental method into physics with
his Book of Optics(1021)
|
|
Modern astronomy
|
Developed the first explicit heliocentric model in De
revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543)
|
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Modern physics
|
His development and extensive use of experimental physics, e.g.
the telescope
|
|
Developed the Rutherford atom model (1909)
|
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Correctly explained vision and carried out the first experiments on light and
optics in the Book of Optics (1021).
|
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Max Planck (founder)[104]
|
Stated that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in quantized form
|
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Albert Einstein (founder)[105]
|
Pioneered special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1915)
|
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Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket.
Tsiolkovsky created the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. |
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Sadi Carnot (founder)[106]
|
Publication: On
the Motive Power of Fire and Machines Fitted to Develop that Power (1824)
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[edit]Formal sciences
[edit]Mathematics
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Algebra
See also Father of Algebra Brahmagupta |
Full exposition of solving quadratic equations in his Al-Jabr and recognized algebra as an
independent discipline.
First use of symbolism (syncopation) in his Arithmetica. |
|
Published Analysis Situs in 1895,[112] introducing the concepts ofhomotopy and homology,
which are now considered part of algebraic topology.
|
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René Descartes
Pierre de Fermat[115](founders) |
For their independent invention of the Cartesian
Coordinate System
|
|
Developed Taylor series expansions of trigonometric
functions
|
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Invented Boolean logic, which is the basis of modern digital
computer logic
Provided an influential formalisation of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. |
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Gaspard Monge[118]
(founder) |
Developed a graphical protocol which creates three-dimensional
virtual space on a two-dimensional plane
|
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Euclid's Elements deduced the principles of Euclidean geometry from a set of axioms.
|
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Publications and students developing algebraic geometry
|
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János Bolyai,
Nikolai Lobachevsky[122](founders) |
Independent development of hyperbolic geometry in which Euclid's fifth postulate is
not true
|
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Pierre de Fermat, Blaise Pascal, Christiaan Huygens[124] (founders)
|
Fermat and Pascal co-founded probability theory,
about which Huygens wrote the first book
|
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Gérard Desargues[125](founder)
|
By generalizing the use of vanishing points to include the case
when these are infinitely far away
|
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Gregorio
Ricci-Curbastro[126]
(founder) |
Book: The Absolute Differential Calculus
|
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Constructed the first trigonometric table.
|
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Vector algebra,
vector calculus |
Willard Gibbs[42]
Oliver Heaviside[129] (founders) |
[edit]Systems theory
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Book Cybernetics:
Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 1948.
|
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Article: A
Mathematical Theory of Communication (1948)
|
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Book: Applied Optimal Control[135]
|
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Small gain theorem and H infinity control.
|
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[edit]Social sciences
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Muqaddimah (Prolegomena) (1377)
|
||
First to identify the phoenetic importance of the hieroglyph, and he demonstrated Coptic as
a vestige of early Egyptian,
before the Rosetta stone's discovery.
Translated parts of the Rosetta Stone. |
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Wrote the Indica
|
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Linguistics (early)
|
Wrote the first descriptive grammar (of Sanskrit)
|
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Linguistics (modern)
|
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Political science (modern)
|
Discussion of and concern with how people actually behave, as
opposed to how people should behave.
|
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Wrote the first sociological book, the Muqaddimah (Prolegomena).
"Father of modern sociology" Introduced the scientific method into sociology. |
[edit]Economics
[edit]Fields
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Economics (early)
|
Publication: Muqaddimah (1370)
Publication: Arthashastra (400 BCE - 200 CE) |
|
Economics (modern)
|
First specific treatise on economics
First published a pamphlet called The National Gain included idea about free trade 1765[151]
Publication: The Wealth of
Nations (1776)
|
|
Published: The
Entropy Law and the Economic Process(1971)[157]
|
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Forerunner of the Tableau économique[158]
|
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Work: De Moneta
|
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Founded Grameen Bank
|
||
Published the first paper in the field.
|
[edit]Schools of thought
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Highly influential teacher and lecturer on commercial morality
|
[edit]Theories
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Expectations theory
|
Recognised the effect of market expectations on the value ofmoney
|
|
Created the field with his 1951 book, Social
Choice and Individual Values
|
[edit]Other
Subject
|
Father/mother of …
|
Reason
|
Modern science
|
For systemic use of experimentation in science and
contributions to scientific method, physics and observational
astronomy
|
|
Alhazen developed rigorous experimental methods of controlled
scientific testing to verify theoretical hypotheses and substantiate
inductive conjectures.
Developed Baconian method in his Novum Organum (1620).
|
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Founded the American Association of Home Economics, currently
the American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences. "Bringing
science into the home, Richards hoped to "attain the best physical,
mental, and moral development" for the family, which she believed was
the basic unit of civilization." [172]
|
ALAN Turing is
widely considered to be the father of computer science and artificial
intelligence.
father of Indian cinema--- DADA
SAHEB AWARD
FATHER OF
ROBOTS--STURGEON
FATHER OF
EUGENICS---FRANCOIS GALTON
FATHER OF
TAXONOMY---LINNAEUS
THEOPHRASTUS
Father of Classical Liberalism- john locke
Father of
separation of powers- montesquieu
Father of
economy---- adam smith
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