Saturday, 29 September 2012

polity


TERM OF LOK SABHA------CAN BE INCREASED FOR ONE YEAR AT A TIME DURING EMERGENCY


SOURCE  OF INCOME  OF GRAM PANCHAYAT----LEVY DUTIES


CHAIRMAN OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITEE IS APPOINTED BY SPEAKER

ART 301----

ART 300 A WAS INSERTED IN THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA BY THE -----GOVT AT THE CENTRE

86 TH A A---

ART 21A



DEMOCRATIC PROGRESSIVE ALLIANCE
NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE
UNITED PROGRESSIVE ALLIANCE
NATIONAL PROGRESSIVE FRONT


GULZARI LAL NANDA ------ONLY POLITICAL LEADER WHO SERVED 2 TIMES AS ACTING PRIME MINISTER



ART 371 A TO 371 I WERE INSERTED IN THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA TO MEET REGIONAL DEMANDS OF NAGALAND,ASSAM,MANIPUR,ANDRA PRADESH,ARUNACHAL PRADESH,SIKKIM,GOA,MIZORAM



ART 323 A------ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS



PRESIDENT UTILIZE FUNDS FROM CONTIGENCY FUND PRIOR TO PARLIAMENTARY
SANCTION


VALUE OF VOTE OF LOK SABHA MEMBERS


IN RETURNING A PROPOSAL TO COUNCIL OF MINISTERS FOR RECONSIDERATION IN SITUATION PRESIDENT ACT IN HIS OWN DISCRETION


PATHAK COMMITTEE APPT BY GOVT OF INDIA TO PROBE ABT persons ILLEGALLY BENEFITING FROM FOOD FOR OIL PROGRAMME OF IRAQ

BOFORS PAY OFF CASE

IN SCORPENE DEAL

NOT A FEDERAL GOVERNMENT-----BOTH CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE CO ORDINATE STATUS



GRANTS IN AID OF REVENUE TO THE STATES IS RECOMMENDED BY THE FINANCE COMMISION

EDUCATION WAS TRANSFERED STATE LIST TO CONCURRENT LIST IN 42 A.A

BOTH DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXES ARE LEVIED BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVT
EXCISE DUTY ON LIQIOUR LEVIED BY STATE GOVT


LARGEST CONTRIBUTION TO TOTAL COMBINED ANNUAL TAX REVENUE OF THE CENTER ,STATES AND UNION TERITORIES IS BY UNION EXCISE DUTIES



AFTER RETIREMENT JUDGE OF HIGH COURT CAN UNDERTAKE PRACTISE IN ANY OTHER COURT EXCEPT THE SAME COURT

MINERVA MILLS CASE----

BALANANADA SARASWATHI CASE---
GOLAKNATH CASE

KESAVABHARTHI CASE


COMMON HIGHCOURT FOR TWO OR MORE STATES MAY BE ESTABLISHED BY PARILMENT BY LAW


INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ACT 1961 WAS RECENTLY AMENDED IN PARLIMENT TO SET UP IIT INSTITUTE AT GUWAHATI




WITHIN ONE MONTH OF PROCLAMATION OF EMERGENCY  MADE BY PRESIDENT IS TO BE PLACED BEFORE EACH HOUSE OF PARLIMENT FOR APPROVAL



PRESIDENT IS AUTHORISED TO DECLARE ELECTIONS TO LOK SABHA

DETAILS REGARDING THE ELECTORAL PROCESS WERE PROVIDED BY PARLIMENT THROUGH A NUMBER OF LAWS


CHIEF MERIT OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION IS THAT IT PROVIDES PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION TO ALL PARTIES IN THE LEGISLATURE



QUORUM REQUIRED TO HOLD MEETING IN LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY IS 1/10


PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE ----IT IS CHAIRED BY PROMINENT MEMBER OF OPPOSITION

JAYA BACHAN WAS THE FIRST M.P WHOSE MEMBERSHIP WAS TERMINATED BY THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA ON THE ADVICE OF ELECTION COMMISION IN MATTER OF HOLDING OFFICE OF PROFIT


STATES WITH COMMON HIGHCOURT ARE MAHARASTRA AND GOA

ART 330----


MAXIMUM NO OF STARRED QUESTIONS THAT CAN BE ASKED IN LOK SABHA ON A PARTICULAR DAY



ART FOR CREATION OF NATIONAL  ADVISORY COUNCIL AT  CENTRE


PRESI CAN NOMINATE 2 ANGLO INDIANS IN LOK SABHA

FINANCE COMMISSION IS A QUINQUENNIAL BODY

RIGHT TO INFORMATION CAME TO FORCE IN OCT 2005


AGRICULTURAL PRICES IN INDIA ARE FIXED  BY AGRICULTURAL PRICES COMMISSION


VOTE ON ACCOUNT----
TOKEN GRANT

SUPLLEMENTARY GRANT

VOTE ON CREDIT


ART----324 TO 329



SINDHI INCLUDED IN 1967

EMERGENCY FIRST TIME FOR INTERNAL DISTURBANCES MADE IN 1975


ORDINANCE BY PRSIDENT DOES IT EXIST

BILL PASSED BY THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF STATE CAN BE DELAYED BY COUNCIL FOR MAXIMUM PERIOD OF 4 MONTHS



HIGHEST BODY WHICH APPROVES THE FIVE YEAR PLAN ---NAT DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM ABOLISHED IN THE YEAR

VACANCY IN THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT FILLED WITHIN 6 MONTHS

ART 153-162----

FIRST STATE TO SET UP PERMANENT LOK ADALAT ----KERALA

ART---243--243O


DPSP----SEPERATION OF JUDICIARY FROM EXECUTIVE ( NOT LEGISLATIVE)



ESTIMATE COMMITTEE----MEMBERS DRAWN ENTIRELY FROM LOK SABHA


NO CONFIDENCE MOTION IN PARLIMENT----A PERIOD OF 6 MONTHS MUST ELAPSE BETWEEN THE INTRODUCTION OF ONE NO CONFIDENCE MOTION AND OTHER

A MOTION OF NO CONFIDENCE CAN BE INTRODUCED IN THE LOK SABHA ONLY

79 A.A----RESERVATION FOR ANGLO INDIANS, SC ST


METHODS OF PRESSURE GROUP DO NOT INCLUDE CONTESTING ELECTIONS, IT INCLUDES STRIKES, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, BEHIND THE SCREEN METHOD


ART 124---


89 A.A

WATER SHOULD BE TREATED AS MINERAL AND IS MOST READILY AND FREELY AVAILABLE SUBSTANCE ON EARTH.


 ART 324---

IN SIKKIM THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS FAIL TO WIN SINGLE SEAT

R.B.I DOESNT TRANSACT THE BUSINESS OF J AND K

MIND AND IDEALS OF THE FRAMERS OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION ARE REFLECTED IN DPSP


INDIA IS KNOWN AS PARLIMENTARY DEMOCRACY COS EXECUTIVE IS RESPONSIBLE TO PARLIMENT

ART 371 B----

ZERO HOUR-----TO ASK UNSCHEDULED QUESTIONS


NON PLAN EXPENDITURE OF GOVT---INTEREST PAYMENT, DEFENCE EXPENDITURE, ALL EXPENDITURES RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS PLAN PERIODS, SUBSIDIES


UPA COALITION


1/3 RD OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STATE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ARE ELECTED BY ASSEMBLY

ART 102 (A) ---

ZONAL COUNCIL CREATED BY ACT OF PARLIMENT

STATE LIST----PRISON,FISHERIES,BETTING,GAMBLING, TAX ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME






















































































CORPORATION TAX----IS LEIVED  BY THE UNION AND BELONGS TO IT EXCLUSIVELY



HUNG PARLIAMENT------NO PARTY AS WON THE MAJORITY





THE IDEAL NO OF 5040 PEOPLE WOULD MAKE A STATE WAS SAID BY PLATO

UNION GOVT CONSITIS OF 3 ORGANS



ELEMENTS OF A STATE----POPULATION,TERITORY,GOVT,SOVERIGNITY









EACH YEAR PARLIAMENT PROVIDES GRANT IN AID TO STATED IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE



TREASURY BENCH MEANS----


LASKI-----WITHOUT LAW THERE IS NO FREEDOM



MEMBER OF LOK SABHA----25 YEARS

MEMBER OF RAJYA SABHA---30 YEARS
MEMBER OF VICE PRESIDENT----35 YEARS
MEMBER OF STATE ASSEMBLY---





COLUMN HEADINGS OF A TABLE ARE CALLED AS CAPTIONS


Governor
Can be appt for 2 states

Goa statehood—1987
SIKKIM STATEHOOD—1975,36TH A. A
Law
Antidefection---enacted in 1985 by 52nd a. a split of 1/3 rd members also will attract disqualification
The political parties decides the punishment of tht member


Acts
Preventive detention act
MISA-1971
COFEPOSA-1974
NSA-1980
POTA-2002
NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS ACT---1881
Official languages act---1963
Protection of civil rights act—1955 (punishes untouchability)
Election
Electronic voting machine first used in 1998 elections

National party
Rjd derecognized as national party.
Swathantra party—rajaji

Finance commission
Art 280-
Term 5 yrs constituted by president
Makes recommendations on distribution f revenues of centre state

Chairman and four members
Finance Commissions Appointed
Finance Commission
Year of Establishment
Chairman
Operational Duration
First
1951
K.C Neogy
1952-57
Second
1956
K.Santhanam
1957-62
Third
1960
A.K. Chanda
1962-66
Fourth
1964
P.V. Rajamannarr
1966-69
Fifth
1968
Mahaveer Tyagi
1969-74
Sixth
1972
K. Brahmananda Reddy
1974-79
Seventh
1977
J.M. Shellet
1979-84
Eighth
1983
1984-89
Ninth
1987
1989-95
Tenth
1992
K.C Pant
1995-2000
Eleventh
1998
A.M.Khusro
2000-2005
Twelfth
2003
C.Rangarajan
2005-2010
Thirteenth
2007
Vijay l kelkar
2010-2015

 Cag
Term 6 yrs
State public service commission
Appt by governor, removed by president
Term 62 yrs or 6 yrs

PARLIMENT
TREASURY BILLS ARE ISSUED FOR VERY SHORT TERM LIABILITY OF THE GOVT

Amendment
14th A A(1962)- puducherry was incorporated to  Indian union

61st a a – age 21 to 18 for voting
42nd a a – power to amend cons was given specifically to parliament.
76TH A.A ---69% RESERVATION IN TN
84th a a----FREEZES THE FRESH DELINITATION (L.SASBHA) UPTO YEAR 2026.

Funda mental right
Dpsp

Article
Article 18--- central govt gives bharat ratna and padma awards
Article 40--- directs state to organize  village panchayat
ART 51---INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND FRIENDLY RELATION BETWN COUNTRIES.
Article 102--- office of profit dismissal of m p
Article 123- president ordinance
Article 213—governor ordinance
Art 312 -all india services
Article 169- abolition or creation oflegislative council
Article 246- Seventh Schedule -The union (central government), state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities
Article 280- finance commission
Article 324- commission for backward classes
Article 340-election commissioner
Article 344-offical language                                                            

First country to give voting rights to women -new zealand (1893)
Chennai high court opened its branch in Madurai-2004
Constitution
Cons provides for high court in every state but its not available in each state.
Panchayat raj first in rajastan 1959
Cases
Gokal nath vs  the state of Punjab- 1967
Minerva mills case vs union of india-1980
Kesavananda bharathi case vs state of kerala- 1973

India
National security advisor
#
Name
Term of Office
Prime Minister(s) served under
Start
End
1
27 May 1998
27 May 2004
2
27 May 2004
25 January 2005
3
25 January 2005
24 January 2010
4
24 January 2010
Incumbent






Polity


BEFORE 2011 PANCHAYAT ELECTION HAPPENED ONLY IN 2000 IN J&K

Jat communitydemanded for reservation belongs to haryana
AYODHA VERDICT----SEP,30, 2010

ECONOMIC PLANNING IS IN CONCURRENT LIST

Vallabhai patel is the father of all india services

The 1st leader of opposition to get statutory recognition is y. b. chavan

Salaries
President--- 1 ,50,000
v.p—1,25,000
governor—1,10,000
chief judge—1,00,000
h. c. judge---90,000
Amedhkar calls art 32 as heart and soul of constitution

Indian federation is similar to federation of Canada
Concurrent list concept--- australia

















EMERGENCY PROVISIONS ADOPTED FROM GOI ACT 1935




POLITICAL EQUALITY-----CREATED BY GRANT OF UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE






CHAIRMAN OF UNION POWERS COMMITTEE---J,.NEHRU
PATEL
MUNSHI
ALLADI KRISHNASAMY
RAJENDRA PRASAD

M.N.ROY SUGGESTED CONSTITUTION FOR INDEPENDENT INDIA


GOVT OF INDIA ACT 1935 CONTAINED  -------SECTIONS AND -----SCHEDILES
IT ABOLISHED DIARCHY IN PROVINCES









DRAFTNG COMMITEE CONSTITUTED ON AUG 29,1947


V.P. OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY------H.C.MUKERJEE





BOOKS-----
WHY SOCIAL WILL------J.P.NARAYAN
RANADE----ESSAY OF ECONOMICS
DUTT----ECONOMIC HISTORY OF BRITISH INDIA
BOSE----INDIA FREEDOM STRUGGLE
LORD CURZON----PROBLEM OF EAST
GANDHI VS LINEN-----

INDIA OF MY DREAMS------GANDHI




1976---42 A.A PREAMBLE AMMENDED FOR FIRST TIME

1960---BERUBARI CASE

1973----KESAVBHARATHI CASE(WHETHER PREAMBLE CAN BE AMMENDED UNDER ARTICLE 368
----
MINERVA MILL CASE------- SUPREME COURT RESTORE PRIMACY OF FUNDEMANTAL RIGHTS OVER THE DIRECTIVE PRINCILES


LIC OF INDIA CAE





EQUAL PAY FOR  EQUAL WORK-----ART 39





1773----REGULATING ACT (4 MEMB
1773---CALCUTTA SUPREME COURT


1784----pitts india act (3 MEMBER)

BOARDS OF MEMBER CREATED
COMMERCIAL AND POLITICAL

1813---CHARTER ACT
TRADE MONOPOLY AVOIDER
AND ALL THINGS ALLOWED(MISSIONARIES)

1833----CHARTER ACT
ENDS COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY OF EAST INDIA COMPANY
GOV GEN OF INDIA----1ST WILLIAM BENTICK

1853---CARTER ACT----LEGIS : EXECUTIVE
CIVIL SERVANTS OPEN COMPETITION


1861---INDIAN COUNCIL ACT
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL INDIAN NON OFFICIAL MEMBER

1892----INDIAN COUNCIL ACT
INDIRECT ELECTION BUDGET


1898----GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT

1909----MINTO MORLEY REFORMS

1919----MONTAGUE REFORMS---PUBLIC SERVICE










PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT----1936
PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT----1965
CHILD LABOUR PROHIBITION ACT---1986
TRADE UNIONS ACT---1926
UNTOUCHABILITY OFFENCES ACT----1955
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT----1976
MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT-----1961


PRESIDENTS RULE FIRST IMPOSED IN 1951



















INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES ACT---1947




RAJYA SABHA  FIRST CONSTITUTED ON APRIL 3,1952

CONSTITUTION MENTIONS----DEPUTY SPEAKER OF LS,RS,STATE LEG ASSEM
BUT NOT THE DEPUTY PM


(CHIEF SECRETARY) SECRETARY OF STATE CREATED BY WELLESLEY



ALL STATEMENTS BELOW ARE INCORRECT

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY WAS DIRECTLY ELECTED BY THE PPL
GANDHI ,JINNAH INCLUDE IN THT ASSEMBLY
CONGRESS WON 210 SEATS FOR THE CONSTITUTED ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS
EXCEPT CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY SET UP BY CABINET MISSION PLAN IN NOV 1946



LANGUAGE COMMISION WAS APPT BY THE PRESIDENT ---1955 UNDER BG. KHER

SECOND BACKWARD COMMISSION WAS APPOINTED BY  MORAJI DESAI( GOT PAKISTANI HIGHEST AWARD NIZAMI PAKISTANI)

V.P.SINGH (PAINTER)---27% B.C
CHARAN SINGH---DEC 23 RD FARMER S DAY
VAJAPEE-----POET

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES---SWARAN SINGH COMMITEE AND THEN VERMA COMMITEE



DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION STANDS FOR---
LAW AND ORDER WITHIN A DISTRICT
REVENUE ADMINISTRATION WITHIN A DISTRICT
DEVELOPMENTAL ADMINISTRATION WITHIN A DISTRICT
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION WITHIN A COUNTRY (NOT DISTRICT)




DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM DESCRIBED BY THE VISION OF J.NEHRU




A.A.-----21
24--- POWER TO AMMEND FR WAS ESTABLISHED

39---
42


JUDICIAL REVIEW IN CONSTITUTION IS BASED ON DUE PROCESS OF LAW


PRESIDENT PARLIMENT ADDRESS PREPARED BY PM AND APPROVED BY CABINET


ART --263 DEALS WITH INTERSTATE COUNCIL
315---UPSC
324-327----ELECTION COMMISION OF INDIA
280---FINANCE COMMISION



LOCAL GOVERNMENT IS A FEATURE OF ONLY UNITARY STATES

WHO BECAME PM OF INDIA WITHOUT BEING CM EARLIER CHANDRASEKHAR

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL CREATED IN 1985 ART(323 A AND B)

CONCEPT OF PIL ORIGINATED IN UNITED STATES


ARTICLE 54---ELECTION OF PRESIDENT OF INDIA
ART 75----APPT OF THE PM AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
ART `155--APPT OF GOVERNOR
ART 164---APPT OF CM AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF STATE



1992---MINORITY COMMISION
CHARTER ACT 1813---COMPANY TRADE MONOPOLY IN INDIA WAS ENDED
REGULATING ACT 1773----
ACT OF 1858---
PITTS INDIA ACT---

AMMENDMENT BILL PASSED IN EACH HOUSE WITH SPECIAL MAJORITY

COMMITTEE OF THE LOWER HOUSE IS EXCLUSIVELY----ESTIMATES COMMITTEE

COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING , COMMITTEE ON DELEGATED LEGISLATION,
COMMITTEE ON ASSURANCES.

CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION WAS SET UP---SANTHANAM COMMITTEE

KRIPALANI COMMITTEE
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS COMMISSION OF INDIA
GORWALA REPORT

IN WHICH YEAR RAILWAY BUDGET WAS SEPERATION FROM GENERAL BUDGET AS DER ACKWORTH COMMITTEE----1921



SOURCE OF THE POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW----ART 13
WRIT JURISDICTION OF THE HIGH COURT----ART 226
SUITS AGAINST GOVERNMENT---ART 300
WRIT JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME COURT----ART 32



THE VOTE ON ACCOUNT IS PASSED---AFTER THE GENERAL DISCUSSION




TOKEN CUT MOTION----THAT AMT OF THE DEMAND BE REDUCED TO RS.100

ECONOMY CUT MOTION-----THAT THE AMT OF THE DEMAND BE REDUCED BY A SPECIFIED AMOUNT

POLICY CUT MOTION-----THAT AMOUNT OF THE DEMAND BE REDUCED TO RE.1



MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS----DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL SECURITY
DEPT OF HOME, DEPT OF STATES....EXCEPT DEPT OF LAW AND ORDER



INDIAN UNION" A FEDERATION WITH A CENTRAL TENDENCY"----IVOR JENNINGS


PLANNING COMMISION WAS SET UP ON RECOMMENDED---PLANNING ADVISORY BOARD


SCHEDULE----

3 RD ---FORMS OF AFFIRMATIONS
9 TH---VALIDATION OF CERTAIN ACTS
4 TH----ALLOCATION OF SEATS IN UPPER HOUSE
10 TH ----DISQUALIFICATION ON GROUNDS OF DEFECTION































































































Following are the borrowed features of Indian constitution from different countries.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From U.K.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nominal Head – President (like Queen)
Cabinet System of Ministers
Post of PM
Parliamentary Type of Govt.
Bicameral Parliament
Lower House more powerful
Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House
Speaker in Lok Sabha

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From U.S.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Written Constitution
Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Fundamental Rights
Supreme Court
Provision of States
Independence of Judiciary and judicial review
Preamble
Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From USSR
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fundamental Duties
Five year Plan

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From AUSTRALIA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concurrent list
Language of the preamble
Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From JAPAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Law on which the Supreme Court function

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From CANADA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scheme of federation with a strong centre
Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
From IRELAND
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN)
Method of election of President
Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President

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