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JAPAN AND ENGLAND----HEAD OF THE STATES ARE KING (
IN THE WORLD 28 COUNTRIES HAVE KINGS AS DER HEAD

1765 OBTAINED DIWANI RIGHTS OF CIVIL JUSTICE AND REVENUE OVER BENGAL,ORISSA, BIHAR



CONSTITUTIONAL ACTS


REGULATING ACT (1773)  also called as act of settlement

GOV OF BENGAL MADE GOV GENERAL OF BENGAL ( WARREN HASTING) + 4 MEMBERS IN COUNCIL TO ASSIST HIM. GOV OF MADRAS AND BOMBAY SUBORDINATE TO HIM.

SUPREME COURT ESTB--1774 AT CALCUTTA (1 CJ + 3 J) IT WAS INDEPENDENT





PITTS INDIA ACT (1784)  

1ST TIME COMPANY'S TERITORY CALLED AS BRITISH POSSESSIONS IN INDIA
INDIAN AFFAIRS UNDER BRITISH GOVT DIRECT CONTROL
BOARD OF CONTROL ESTB FOR MANAGING THE POLITICAL AFFAIRS
MEM IN GOV GEN COUNCIL DECREASED TO 3.


CHARTER ACT (1793)
MONOPOLY TRADE WITH INDIA GIVEN TO COMPANY FOR 20 YRS.



CHARTER ACT (1813)

MONOPOLY TRADE DEPRIVED FROM COMPANY
3 COUNCILS OF MADRAS,BOMBAY,CALCUTTA WERE GIVEN POWERS BUT CONTROLLED BY BRITISH PARLIMENT.


CHARTER ACT (1833)

GOVERNOR GENERAL OF BENGAL---GOV GENERAL OF INDIA (WILLIAM BENTICK)
EAST INDIA COMPANY CHANGED FROM COMMERCIAL TO ADMINISTRATIVE BODY
LAWS MADE UNDER THESE ARE ACTS THE PREVIOUS ONES ARE REGULATIONS.



CHARTER ACT 1853

1ST TIME LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE COUNCIL WAS SEPERATED
CIVIL SERVICE EXAM OPEN TO INDIANS ALSO (MACCAULAY COMMITTEE APT IN 1854)
6 ADDITIONAL MEMBERS WERE APPT TO EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, 4 APPT BY LOCAL GOVT OF BENGAL,BOMBAY,MADRAS,AGRA.


GOVT OF INDIA ACT 1858 also called as act for good government of india

ABOLISHED EAST INDIA COMPANY, BOARD OF CONTROLS,AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS, ALL RIGHTS GIVEN TO SECRETARY OF STATE (MEMBER OF BRITISH PARLIMENT) HW ASSISTED BY INDIAN COUNCIL(15 MEMBERS)


INDIAN COUNCILS ACT, 1861

1. INDIANS IN LAW MAKING PROCESS
 3 INDIANS APPT AS NON OFFICIAL MEMB IN VICEROY COUNCIL
1. RAJA OF BENARAS
2. MAHARAJA OF PATIALA
3. SIR DINKAR RAO

2. PROCESS OF DECENTRALISATION---POWER BACK TO BOM AND MAD. CENTRALISATION STARTED IN 1773 ACT ENDED IN CHARTER ACT 1833. COMPLETE INTERNAL AUTONOMY TO PROVINCE IN 1937.

3. NEW LEG COUN FOR BENGAL (1862), N.W.FRONTIER(1866), PUNJAB( 1897)
4.PORT FOLIO SYSTEM BY CANNING IN 1959-- MEMB INCHARGE OF DEPT
5. VICEROY ORDINANCE ISSUED FOR 6 MONS W/O LEG COUNCIL CONSULT.
















ACT OF 1892

MORE NON OFFICAL MEM NOMINATED IN----1. CENTRE LEG COUNCIL----BY VICEROY ON RECOM OF PROV LEG COUN + BENGAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
2. PROV-----BY GOV ON RECOM OF DISTRICT BOARDS, MUNCIP, TRADE ASSO ETC

TERM NOMINATION WAS USED INSTEAD OF ELECTION

ACT OF 1909

VICEROY---MINTO, SEC-MORLEY

FEATURES

1.     INCREASE MEM OF LEG COUNCIL---16 TO 60

2.     MEMB CAN ASK SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONS

3.     SEP ELEC FOR MUSLIMS SO LORD MINTO IS FATHER OF COMMUNAL ELEC

4.     FIRST TIME INDIAN IN EXEC COUN OF VICEROY-SATYENDRA PRASAD SINHA (LAW MEM)

GOVT OF INDIA ACT 1919-------CAME TO FORCE IN  1921

VICEROY—CHEMS, SEC---MONTAG

FEATURES

1.     DYARCHY---PROVINCIAL SUBJECTS DIVIDED INTO TRANSFERRED( GOVT + LEG COUN), RESERVED (GOVT + EXEC COUN)

2.     FIRST TIME BICAMERALISM AND DIRECT ELECTION

3.     VICEROY EXEC COUNCIL 3 OUT OF 6 WERE INDIANS OTHER THAN COMMANDER IN CHIEF

4.     SEP ELEC FOR SIKH, ANGLO,IND CHRIS, EUROPEANS

5.     HIGH COMMISIONER FOR INDIA IN LONDON—GIVEN FEW FUNC OF SEC OF STATE

6.     CENTRAL PUB SER COM SET UP IN 1926

7.     FIRST TIME BUDGET----PROV ( PROV LEGI CAN ENACT), CENTRAL

8.     STATUORY COMMISION APPT ENQUIRE WORKNG AFTER 10 YRS COMNG INTO FORCE

SIMON COMMISION (1927)

NOV 1927, 7 MEMB COMMITTEE TO REVIEW 1919 ACT, REJECTED COS ALL BRITISH MEM.

RECOMMENDED----ABOLISH DYARCHY AND RESPON GOVT IN PROVIN, FEDRATION OF BRITISH INDIA +PRIN STATES, CONTINUE COM ELECTR

FOR THIS 3 ROUND CONF.

COMMUNAL AWARD (1932)

RAMSAY MAC DONALD COM REP FOR DEPRESSED CLASS, GANDHI AGNST AND TOOK FAST IN YERVADA JAIL. POONA PACT SIGNED RETAINED HINDU JOINT AND GAVE RESERV FOR DEPRESSED

GOVT OF INDIA ACT 1935

2 ND MILESTONE TOWARDS RESPONSIBLE GOVT, DOC( 321 SEC AND 10 SECHDULES)

FEATURES

1.     ESTAB ALL INDIA FEDERATION (PROVINCE + PRINCELY STATES) IT NEVER HAPPN COS PRINCELY STATES NEVER ACCEPTED

2.     DIVISION OF POWER -----3 LISTS(FEDERAL –59 ITEMS), PROV-54 ITEMS, CONCURRENT—36 ITEMS , RESIDUARY POWER ---VICEROY

3.     DYARCHY ABOLISH IN PROVIN AND PROV AUTONOMY( CAME TO FORCE IN 1937,ABOL IN 1939)

4.     DYARCHY IN CENTRE---FED SUB DIVIDED TO TRANS AND RESERV( WAS NOT ENACTED)

5.     BICAMERALISM IN 6 OUT OF 11----BOM, MAD,BIH,BEN,ASSAM,UNITED PROVINCE (UPPER HOUSE AND LOWER HOUSE)

6.     SEPERATE ELECTORATE FOR DEPRESED CLASS, WOMEN, LABOUR

7.     ABOLISH COUNCIL OF INDIA GIVEN BY 1858 ACT( SEC OF STATE AND COUNCIL OF MEM)

8.     10 % POP VOTING RIGHTS

9.     RBI ESTAB

10.  NOT ONLY FED PUB SERV COMM , BUT ALSO—PROV AND JOINT PUB SER COM

11.   ESTAB FEDERAL COURT IN 1937

 

INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT 1947

1947 FEB---BRITISH P.M ATLEE ANNOUNCED THAT INDIA WILL BE FREED IN JUNE 30,1948.

MUSLIM LEAGUE AGITATED IN 1947 JUNE  ON CONST.

JUNE 3, 1947—MOUNTBATTEN PLAN(ACCEPTED BY BOTH) EFFECT AS 1947 INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT

FEATURES

1.      END BRITISH RULE IN INDIA AND INDIA DECLARED INDEPENDENT AUG 15, 1947

2.     PARTITION--- INDIA , PAK

3.     NO ACT OF BRITISH INCLUDING 1947 ACT CONTINUED

4.     ABOLISH SECR OF STATE AND GVE HIS POERS TO SEC OF STATE FOR COMM WEALTH AFFAIRS

INTERIM GOVT (1946)

1.     J.NEHRU----- EXT AFF, COMMON WEALTH RELATION,

2.     PATEL---HOME, INFO AND BROADCASTNG,

3.     RAJENDRA PRASAD----FOOD AND AGRI

4.     RAJAJI----EDUCATION

5.     JOHN MATHAI---INDUSTRIES

6.     LIAQUAT ALI KHAN---FINANCE

7.     JOGINDER NATH MANDAL---LAW

8.     JAGJIVAN RAM----LABOUR

9.     SARDAR BALDEV SINGH----DEFENCE

10.  GHAZNAFAR ALI KHAN---HEALTH

11.  C.H. BHABHA--- WORKS,MINES AND POWER

12.  ABDUR RAB NISHTARI---POST & AIR

13.  ASAF ALI----RAILWAY

14.  CHUNDRIGAR---- COMMERCE

FIRST CABINET OF FREE INDIA(1947)

15.  J.NEHRU-----P.M, EXT AFF, COMMON WEALTH RELATION, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

16.  PATEL---HOME, INFO AND BROADCASTNG, STATES

17.  RAJENDRA PRASAD----FOOD AND AGRI

18.  ABUL KALAM AZAD----EDUCATION

19.  JOHN MATHAI---RAILWAY

20.  SHANMUGAN CHETTY---FINANCE

21.  AMBEDKAR---LAW

22.  JAGJIVAN RAM----LABOUR

23.  SARDAR BALDEV SINGH----DEFENCE

24.  RAJ KUMARI AMRIT KAUR---HEALTH

25.  C.H. BHABHA---COMMERCE

26.  RAFI AHMED KIDWAI---COMMUNICATION

27.  SHYAM PRASAD MUKHERJI----INDUSTRIES

28.  GADGIL----WORKS,MINES AND POWER