Important Dates Indian History
| Periods | Events/Significance |
|---|---|
| BC | |
| 300-5000 | Indus Valley Civilisation |
| 563 | Birtd of Gautama Buddha (or 576 BC in some sources) |
| 527-540 | Birtd of Mahavir; Nirvana |
| 327-326 | Alexander's invasion of India. It opened a land route between India and Europe |
| 313 | Accession of Chandragupta Maurya, according to Jain traditions. |
| 305 | Defeat of Seleucus at tde hands of Chandragupta Maurya |
| 273-232 | Ashoka's reign |
| 261 | Conquest of Kalinga |
| 145-101 | Reign of Elara, tde Chola king of Sri Lanka |
| 58 | Beginning of Vikrami Era |
| AD | |
| 78 | Beginning of Saka Era |
| 120 | Accession of Kanishka |
| 320 | Commencement of Gupta Era, tde golden age of Hindu India |
| 380 | Accession of Vikramaditya |
| 405-411 | Visit of Chinese traveller Fahien |
| 415 | Accession of Kumara Gupta I |
| 455 | Accession of Skanda Gupta |
| 606-647 | Harshavardhan's reign |
| 712 | First invasion in Sindh by Arabs |
| 836 | Accession of King Bhoja of Kannauj |
| 985 | Accession of Rajaraja tde Chola ruler |
| 998 | Accession of Sultan Mahmud |
| 1001 | First invasion of India by Mahmud Ghazni who defeated Jaipal, ruler of Punjab. |
| 1025 | Destruction of Somnatd Temple by Mahmud Ghazni |
| 1191 | First Battle of Tarain |
| 1192 | Second Battle of Tarain |
| 1206 | Accession of Qutub-ud-Din Aibak to tde tdrone oof Delhi |
| 1210 | Deatd of Qutub-ud-Din Aibak |
| 1221 | Changez Khan invaded India (Mongol invasion) |
| 1236 | Accession of Razia Sultan to tde tdrone of Delhi |
| 1240 | Deatd of Razia Sultan |
| 1296 | Accession of Ala-ud-Din Khilji |
| 1316 | Deatd of Ala-ud-Din Khilji |
| 1325 | Accession of Muhammad-bin Tughlaq |
| 1327 | Shifting of Capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan by tde Tughlaqs |
| 1336 | Foundation of Vijayanagar empire in Soutd |
| 1351 | Accession of Feroze Shah |
| 1398 | Invasion of India by Timur |
| 1469 | Birtd of Guru Nank |
| 1494 | Accession of Babur in Farghana |
| 1497-98 | First Voyage of Vasco de Gama to India (discovery of sea route to India via Cape of Good Hope) I |
| 1526 | First Battle of Panipat; Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi; foundation of Mughal dynasty by Babur |
| 1527 | Battle of Kanwaha-Babur defeated Rana Sanga |
| 1530 | Death of Babur and Accession of Humayun |
| 1539 | Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun and became India's empreor |
| 1555 | Humayun recaptured the throne of Delhi |
| 1556 | Second battle of Panipal |
| 1565 | Battle of Talikota |
| 1576 | Battle of Haldighati - Rana Pratap defeated by Akbar |
| 1582 | Din-e-IIahi founded by Akbar |
| 1600 | East India Company established |
| 1605 | Death of Akbar and accession of Jehangir |
| 1606 | Execution of Guru Arjun Dev |
| 1611 | Jehangir marries Nur Jahan |
| 1616 | Sir Thomas Roe visits Jehangir |
| 1627 | Birth of Shivaji and death of Jehangir |
| 1628 | Shah Jahan becomes emperor of India |
| 1631 | Death of Mumtaz Mahal |
| 1634 | The English permitted to trade in India (in Bengal) |
| 1659 | Accession of Aurangzeb, Shahjahan imprisoned |
| 1665 | Shivaji imprisoned, by Aurangzeb |
| 1666 | Death of Shah Jahan |
| 1675 | Execution of Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhs |
| 1680 | Death of Shivaji |
| 1707 | Death of Aurangzeb |
| 1708 | Death of Guru Gobind Singh |
| 1739 | Nadir Shah Invades India |
| 1757 | Battle of Plassey, establishment of British political rule in India at the hands of Lord Clive |
| 1761 | Third Battle of Panipat; Shah Alam II becomes India's emperor |
| 1764 | Battle of Buxer |
| 1765 | Clive appointed Company's Governor of India |
| 1767-69 | First Mysore War |
| 1780 | Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |
| 1780-84 | Second Mysore War |
| 1784 | Pitt's India Act |
| 1790-92 | Third Mysore War |
| 1793 | The Permanent Settlement of Bengal |
| 1799 | Fouth Mysore War - Death of Tipu Sultan |
| 1802 | Treaty of Bassein |
| 1809 | Treaty of Amritsar |
| 1829 | Practice of Sati Prohibited |
| 1830 | Raja Ram Mohan Roy visits England |
| 1833 | Death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| 1839 | Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |
| 1839-42 | First Afghan War |
| 1845-46 | First Anglo-Sikh War |
| 1852 | Second Anglo-Burmese War |
| 1853 | First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and a Telegraph line in Calcutta |
| 1857 | The Sepoy Mutiny of First War of Independence |
| 1861 | Birth of Rabindranath Tagore |
| 1869 | Birth of Mahatma Gandhi |
| 1885 | Foundation of Indian National Congress |
| 1889 | Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru |
| 1897 | Birth of Subhash Chandra Bose |
| 1904 | Tibet Expedition |
| 1905 | First Battle of Bengal under Lord Curzon |
| 1906 | Foundation of Muslim League |
| 1911 | Delhi Darbar; King and Queen visit India; Delhi becomes the Capital of India |
| 1914 | World War I begins |
| 1916 | Lucknow Pact Signed by Muslim League and Congress |
| 1918 | World War I ends |
| 1919 | Montague-Chemsford Reforms introduced; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar |
| 1920 | Khilafat Movement launched |
| 1927 | Boycott of Simon Commission; broadcasting started in India |
| 1928 | Death of Lala Lajpat Rai |
| 1929 | Lord Irwain's Pact; resolution of complete independence passed at Lahore Congress |
| 1930 | Civil disobedience movement launched; Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi (6 April, 1930) |
| 1931 | Gandhi Irwin Pact |
| 1935 | Government of India Act enacted |
| 1937 | Provincial Autonomy; Congress forms ministries |
| 1939 | Word War II begins (September 1) |
| 1941 | Escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India and death of Rabindranath Tagore |
| 1942 | Arrival of Cripps Mission in India; Quit India Movement launched (August 8) |
| 1943-1944 | Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose forms provisional Azad Hind Fauj and Indian National Army; Bengal Famine |
| 1945 | Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort; Shimla Conference; World War II ends |
| 1946 | British Cabinet Mission visits India; Interim government formed at centre |
| 1947 | Division of India; Indian and Pakistan seperate independent dimensions |
| 1948 | Mahatma Gandhi assassinated (Jannuary 30); integration of princely states |
National Flag :
The National Flag is the horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (kesaria)
at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal
proportion. At the center of the white band is a navy blue wheel, which
is a representation of the Ashoka Chakra at Sarnath. Ratio of the width
of the flag to its length is 2:3.
National Emblem :
The National Emblem of India is derived from the time of the Emperor
Ashoka. The emblem is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath, near Varanasi in
Uttar Pradesh. The Lion Capital was erected in the third century BC by
Emperor Ashoka to mark the spot where Buddha first proclaimed his gospel
of peace and emancipation to the four quarters of the universe.
National Anthem :
The Jana Gana Mana is the national Anthem of India, composed by
Rabindranath Tagore. It was officially adopted by the constituent
Assembly as the Indian national anthem on January 24, 1950. It was first
sung on December 27, 1911 at the Calcutta (now Kolkata) session of the
Indian National Congress. Playing time of the full version of national
anthem is approximately 52 seconds. A short version consisting of the
first and the last lines of the stanza (playing time approximately 20
seconds) is also played on certain occasions. The whole song consists of
five stanzas.
National Song: Bankim Chandra Chatterji's composed song "Vande Mataram" was adopted as the National Song. It has an equal status with "Jana Gana Mana". It was first sung in the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.
National Animal:
Tiger is the National Animal of India. It is symbol of India's wildlife
wealth. The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, is a striped animal.
The combination of grace, strength and agility and enormous power has
earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India.
National Bird:
The Peacock, Pavo cristatus, is the national bird of India. Emblematic
of qualities such as beauty grace, pride. It is a colourful, swan-sized
bird, with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the eye
and a long, slender neck.
National Sport:
Hockey is the national game of India. It is played all across India.
Indian Hockey Federation(IHF) was formed on the 7th November, 1925 at
Gwalior. In Olympics, India has won the hockey title a maximum of 8
times.
National Fuit:
Mango is the national fruit of India. Described as the "Food of the
Gods", in the sacred Vedas, the fruit is grown almost in all parts of
India.
National Flower:
Lotus botanically known as the Nelumbo Nucifera is the national flower
of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the
art and mythology of the ancient India and has been auspicious symbol of
Indian culture since time immemorial.
National Tree:
Banyan Tree is the National Tree of India. This huge tree towers over
its neighbours and has the widest reaching roots of all known trees. It
is the focal point of village life.
National River:
Ganga is the national river of India. It is one of the major river in
Indian sub-continent. The Ganges is mentioned in the Rig-Veda, the
earliest of the Hindu scriptures. Some of the most important Hindu
festivals and religious worship happens on the banks of the Ganga river.
National Calender: National Calender based on Saka Era with worlds "Chaitra Pratipada"
as its first month and the first day of a normal year of 365 days was
adopted from March 22, 1957 along with Gregorian Calender for the
official purposes. Dates of the national calender, 1 'Chaitra' falling
on 22 March normally and on 21 March in leap year.